PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS IMPACT ON OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE CASES COVID-19 IN INDONESIA

Abstract

COVID-19 infection is a new viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is one of risk factors are known to be associated with disease severity or mortality in COVID-19 patients. The pathogenesis is similar to COVID 19, namely immune system dysfunction that cause multi-organ damage so that obesity can be associated with the outcome and severity of COVID-19. Data on the effect of obesity on COVID 19 infection are still limited and need further research. Study is a descriptive study on COVID-19 patients who were treated at Indrapura Field Hospital Surabaya from May 2020 to February 2021. Patient data, including demographics, signs and symptoms, severity, and outcome obtained from electronic medical records. Total of 1738 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study, with the median age was 29 (23-43) years-old. They were consisted of male 941 patients (54.1%) and female 797 patients (45.9%). Obesity class 1 was dominated by 1458 patients (83.9%) and class 2 obesity was 280 patients (16.1%). Most of obesity class 1 group were male patients (55.1%), meanwhile female patients dominating obesity class 2 group (51.1%). The highest comorbidities were hypertension 183 patients (9.74%) followed by diabetes mellitus 49 patients (2.61%). The patients who experienced a symptom were 977 patients (56.2%) and the most common symptoms were fever (15.38%), runny nose (15.22%) and anosmia (16.02%). Obesity patients suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19 reached 1676 patients (96.43%). All patients were treated with symptomatic therapy and oxygenation without any anti-viral. After treatment, 1689 patients (97.18%) were discharged, 37 patients (2.13%) were referred, and one patient died. COVID-19 patients with obesity mostly suffered moderate to severe symptoms but the mortality was low.